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The Many Plausible Causes Of Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disease
Beekeepers have always suffered losses of their domesticated bees but in the old times those losses were slow and the beekeeper was always able to find the cause, usually a bacteria, mite or some other mold and take pertinent action. Not so with colony collapse disorder, (sometimes called colony collapse syndrome or colony collapse disease). With colony collapse disease more honey bees are declining faster with no obvious reason and because only the queen and a few worker bees are left alive the colony dies.
The disappearing bees is still a mystery. As yet there has been no firm evidence to point to any one cause for their death. This has led to the presumption that there is more than one cause to colony collapse disorder (CCD). Probable causes are:
Genetically modified crops
An experiment carried out by a beekeeper, John McDonald, seems to suggest that genetically modified crops could be the cause of colony collapse disorder. He placed eight honey bee colonies in a place where the honey bees would have no contact with genetically modified crops and an equal number of honey bee hives on farms that grew GMO's. At the end of the season in October the results of the honey collecting of both sets of bees was examined. The results between the two sets of bee colonies were very different.
The 8 non-GMO honey bee colonies produced 150 pounds of honey, per hive, in the over-wintering brood supers. Plus, between them, the eight colonies produced 200 pounds of extra honey. The farm honey bees, on the other hand, had produced no extra honey and had not even packed the over-wintering brood supers. These farm honey bees will require feeding in order to live through the winter.
Pesticides
The pesticide believed to be the main culprit in causing colony collapse disorder is nicotine-based Clothianidin, an insecticide in the neonicotinoid family. In Germany researchers found that 99 percent of expired bees had high levels of Clothianidin in their bodies. As a result the 7 pesticides in the neonicotinoid family have been provisionally barred.
In the US imidacloprid seems to be the pesticide causing the most colony collapse disorder. For example in North Dakota one third of colonies died after imidacloprid was applied on oil seed rape.
Mobile phones
Is the electromagnetic radiation given off by mobile phobes interfering with the bee's navigation system thus preventing the bees from locating their way back to the hive. Some analysis carried out by Dr Jochen Kuhn shows that honeybees do not like going back to their hives when a cell phone is positioned near the bee hive. If honeybees are trying to elude cell phone radiation then this could demonstrate why they are getting lost and incapable of finding their way home.
Food
Honey bees normally use natural material like pollen, sap, nectar, or other botanical materials, for making into honey. When beekeepers take away this honey, which the bees would normally feed on over winter, and replace it with High Fructose Corn Syrup a natural raw food is being replaced with a highly processed dead food. HFCS is lacking in the many minerals and vitamins found in honey so the honeybees are forced to eat inferior food which results in their poor health and enfeebled immune systems.
So what is the cause of bee colony collapse disorder. Probably a combination of all of the above though GMOs, and the neonicotinoid pesticides, seem to be the main factors which has caused the dramatic increase in bees disappearing.
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